New AP & General Chemistry Video Playlist

Basic studies, Trigonometry

New AP & General Chemistry Video Playlist

258 Lessons
    2nd law of thermodynamics 4th grade 5th grade 6th grade absolute zero kelvin absorbance absorbance and transmittance accuracy accuracy and precision accuracy and precision difference accuracy and precision in chemistry accuracy and precision in measurement accuracy and precision problems accuracy vs precision accuracy vs precision chemistry Accurate acetic acid acetylene acid acid base acid base chemistry acid base equilibria acid base equilibrium acid base indicators acid base indicators chemistry acid base neutralization acid base neutralization practice problems acid base neutralization problems acid base neutralization reaction acid base reactions acid base reactions chemistry acid base reactions problems acid base strength acid base titration acid base titration calculations acid base titration curve acid base titration curves acid base titration problem acid base titration problems acid base titrations Acid Dissociation Constant acid nomenclature acid solution Acid strength acidic basic and neutral salts acidic basic or neutral compounds acidic salts acidic salts and basic salts acidic salts examples acidic salts list acidic solution acids acids and bases acids and bases chemistry act Activation Energy activation energy problems activity series activity series chart activity series chemistry activity series explained activity series of metals activity series of the elements actual yield actual yield and percent yield actual yield and theoretical yield actual yield theoretical yield and percent yield Adding addition after addition of NaOH al Al+3 alcohol solution algebra algebra 1 algebra 2 alkaline earth metals Alloys alloys chemistry alpha Alpha Decay alpha particle decay alpha particle emission alpha particles alpha particles and beta particles alpha particles beta particles and gamma rays aluminum anions anode answers AP ap chem ap chemistry apf aqueous area arrhenius arrhenius acids and bases Arrhenius Equation arrhenius equation activation energy arrhenius equation chemical kinetics arrhenius equation example arrhenius equation explained arrhenius equation frequency factor arrhenius equation graph arrhenius equation problems arrhenius equation r arrhenius equation rate constant arrhenius equation units arrows at stp ate ite ide ATM atm to mm hg atmospheric gases atmospheric pressure atom atomic energy levels Atomic Mass Atomic Number atomic orbitals atomic packing factor atomic radii atomic radius atomic radius trend atomic radius trends atomic radius trends on periodic table atomic solids atomic structure atomic symbol atoms atoms and molecules atoms molecules elements compounds atoms to grams atoms to grams chemistry atoms to grams conversion atoms to grams dimensional analysis atoms to grams practice problems atoms to grams stoichiometry atoms to moles atoms to moles chemistry atoms to moles conversion atoms to moles example problems atoms to moles examples atoms to moles practice problems atoms to moles problems atoms vs ions attraction aufbau principle aufbau principle electron configuration aufbau principle pauli exclusion principle hund's rule aufbau's principle autoionization of water autoionization of water formula average atomic mass average atomic mass calculation average atomic mass chemistry average atomic mass example average atomic mass of isotopes average atomic mass problems average bond energy average kinetic energy average kinetic energy formula average kinetic energy of a gas average molar mass average molar mass of mixture average rate of appearance average rate of disappearance average rate of reaction avogadro's law avogadro's law practice problems Avogadro's law problems avogadro's number avogadro's number and the mole Ba(OH)2 balance balance any nuclear chemical equation balance nuclear equations step by step balancing balancing chemical equations balancing chemical equations practice problems balancing equations balancing equations in chemistry balancing redox reactions Balmer series barometer barometers barometers and manometers barometers chemistry base base dissociation constant base strength bases Basic basic calculations basic calorimetry problems basic introduction basic salts basic salts examples basic salts list basic solution Basic Thermodynamics basics battery beer lambert's law beer's law bent beta beta decay beta particle decay beta particle emission beta particles BF3 bike pump bimolecular reaction binary acids binary ionic compounds binary molecular compounds Binding Energy binding energy and mass defect binding energy chemistry binding energy per nucleon body centered body centered cubic crystal structure body centered cubic structure Bohr model bohr model of hydrogen atom boiling point boiling point elevation boiling point elevation and freezing point depression boiling point elevation and freezing point depression equation boiling point elevation and freezing point depression example problems boiling point elevation and freezing point depression formulas boiling point elevation and freezing point depression problems boiling point elevation formula boiling point elevation problems bomb calorimeter bomb calorimeter problem bond angles bond dissociation energy bond energies Bond Energy bond energy calculations bond energy chemistry bond energy enthalpy of reaction bond length bond order bond polarity bond polarity and dipole moments bond polarity and electronegativity bonding bonding and antibonding bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals bonds born haber cycle born haber cycle and lattice energy born hable cycle problems boyle's law boyle's law chemistry boyle's law examples boyle's law explained boyle's law graph boyle's law practice problems boyle's law problems bracket series bragg's equation bragg's equation derivation bragg's equation for x-ray diffraction bragg's equation in chemistry bragg's equation problems brass bromothymol blue bromthymol blue bronsted lowry acids and bases Bronsted-Lowry bronze buffer solution buffer solution calculations buffer solution chemistry buffer solution explained buffer solution problems buffer solutions c to f c to f conversion c to k C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 calculate the enthalpy change calculating ka calculating ka and kb calculating ka from molarity calculating ka from pH calculating ka from pH and molarity calculating ka of a weak acid calculating kb calculating kb from pH calculating ksp calculating ksp from concentration calculating ksp from molar solubility calculating ksp from solubility calculating ksp from solubility g/L calculating molar solubility from ksp calculating pH of polyprotic acid calculation calculations calculator Calculus Calorimeter calorimetry calorimetry problems calorimetry problems chemistry capacity carbon carbon 14 dating carbon 14 dating problems carbon-14 carbonic acid Catalyst catalysts cathode cations cations and anions cell cell notation cell notation chemistry cell notation electrochemistry cell notation inert electrode cell notation practice problems cell notation voltaic cell cell potential cell potential and gibbs free energy cell potential chemistry cell potential electrochemistry cell potential problems celsius celsius to fahrenheit celsius to fahrenheit conversion celsius to fahrenheit formula celsius to kelvin centimeters CH3OH CH4 chalcogens Channel charge charge carriers charges charles law chemical chemical changes chemical equation chemical equations Chemical Equilibrium chemical equilibrium chemistry chemical equilibrium problems chemical fundamental laws Chemical Kinetics chemical kinetics chemistry chemical kinetics equations chemical kinetics lecture chemical kinetics order of reaction chemical kinetics problems chemical kinetics rate laws chemical kinetics reaction rate chemical process chemical properties chemical reactions chemical reactions chemistry chemistry chemistry basics chemistry crash course chemistry introduction chemistry lecture chemistry lessons chemistry percent abudance chemistry problems chemistry review chemistry tutorial chromium classification classification of matter classification of matter chemistry classiying types of chemical reactions clausius clapeyron equation ClO- ClO2- ClO3- ClO4- closed packed structures cm to m Co Co+3 CO2 CO3 2- cobalt cobalt chloride equilibrium coffee cup coffee cup calorimeter coffee cup calorimeter problem coffee cup calorimeter problems collected over water collecting gas over water collecting gas over water practice problems collecting gas over water problems College College Algebra college chem colligative properties colligative properties chemistry colligative properties equations colligative properties examples colligative properties formula colligative properties of solutions collision frequency collision model Collision Theory collision theory and activation energy collision theory and rates of reaction collision theory chemistry collision theory model color change column height combination reactions combined gas law combined gas law chemistry combined gas law practice problems combined gas law problems combined operatures combustion analysis combustion analysis empirical formula combustion analysis molecular formula combustion reaction common ion effect problems common ion effect solubility common polyatomic ions Common-ion Effect complex ion equilibria complex ion equilibrium complex ion formation complex ions complex ions and ligands complex ions chemistry compound compounds concentration concentration and volume concentration cells concentration cells electrochemistry concentration gradient condensation conductivity Conductors conjugate acid base pairs conjugate acids conjugate acids and bases conjugate base conjugate bases conjugate pairs conjugatee bases constant constant composition constant heat of summation constant pressure constant pressure calorimetry constant volume calorimetry Conversion conversion factors conversions convert converting units converting units of lenth converting units of measurement converting units of measurement for kids converting units with conversion factors cooling curve cooling curve chemistry cooling curve graph cooling curve of water coordinate covalent bond coordination compounds coordination compounds nomenclature coordination number coordination numbers copper core electrons core electrons and valence electrons counterions counting counts per minute per gram covalent covalent bond covalent bonding covalent bonds covalent compounds covalent network covalent solids Cr crystal crystal field splitting diagram crystal field theory crystal lattice crystal lattice structure Crystal Structures Cu cubic cubic closest packing structure cubic crystal structure cubic inches cubic structure cubic structures cubic yards current() curve curved arrow notation dalton's law dalton's law of partial pressure dalton's law of partial pressure problems dalton's law problems de broglie de broglie wavelength de broglie wavelength chemistry de broglie wavelength problems decimals decomposition reaction decomposition reactions decreasing definition degnerate orbitals delocalized delta G delta H delta S density density chemistry density chemistry equation density chemistry examples density chemistry formula density chemistry practice problems density chemistry problems density of gas mixture density to molarity derivation deviations from raoult's law diamagnetic Diamagnetism diamond diamond and graphite properties diamond and graphite structure difference diffusion Digits dilution dilution and concentration dilution and concentration problems dilution and molarity dilution calculations dilution chemistry dilution equation dilution example problems dilution examples dilution explained dilution formula dilution problems dimensional analysis dimensional analysis review dipole dipole dipole dipole dipole attraction dipole dipole forces dipole dipole interactions dipole dipole intermolecular forces dipole moment dipole moment chemistry direction of electron flow dissolution distance divide dividing division double replacement double replacement reaction double replacement reactions double replacement reactions chemistry drawing lewis dot structures drawing lewis structures driving force edge length Effective nuclear charge effusion effusion concepts electric charge electric current electrical conductivity electrical conductivity of metals electricity electrochemical cells electrochemistry electrochemistry practice problems electrochemistry problems electrolysis electrolysis chemistry electrolysis of NaCl electrolysis of sodium chloride electrolysis of water electrolytes electrolytic cell electron Electron Affinity electron affinity trend electron capture electron configuration electron configuration exceptions electron configuration of ions electron configuration transition metals electron pair acceptor electron pair donor electron repulsion electron sea model electron sea model of metallic bonding electron spin electron transition electron transition energy electron transition formula electron volts electronegative electronegativity electronegativity and bond polarity electronegativity and polarity electrons electrons and protons electrophile electroplating electroplating copper electroplating nickel electroplating problems electrostatic force element elementary rate laws elementary reactions elements elements and atoms elements and compounds elevation empirical formula empirical formula chemistry empirical formula from mass empirical formula problems endothermic Energy energy diagrams Energy Level energy levels energy levels and orbitals energy levels in atoms energy levels of atomic orbitals energy levels of electrons energy levels sublevels and orbitals energy of a photon energy of a photon given wavelength energy of combustion enthalpy enthalpy change enthalpy change of formation enthalpy change of reaction enthalpy change problems enthalpy chemistry enthalpy of combustion enthalpy of formation enthalpy of formation and combustion enthalpy of formation problems enthalpy of fusion enthalpy of hydration enthalpy of hydration and lattice energy enthalpy of reaction enthalpy of solution enthalpy of vaporization enthalpy of vaporization of water enthalpy problems enthalpy problems chemistry enthalpy stoichiometry entropy entropy and enthalpy entropy calculation entropy change entropy chemistry entropy explained entropy of the surroundings entropy of the system entropy of the universe entropy practice problems entropy problems entropy thermodynamics equation equations equilibrium equilibrium concentration equilibrium concentration calculations equilibrium concentration constant equilibrium concentration problems equilibrium constant equilibrium constant calculations equilibrium constant chemistry equilibrium constant expression equilibrium constant expression examples equilibrium constant expression practice problems equilibrium constant K equilibrium constant problems equilibrium expression equilibrium expression chemistry equilibrium expression examples equilibrium partial pressure equivalence point equivalent weight equivalent weight and normality equivalent weight calculation equivalent weight chemistry Ethane ethene ethylene ethyne evaporation example example problem Example problems examples exceptions exceptions to the octet rule excess reactant excess reactant and limiting reactant excess reactant chemistry excess reactant left over excess reactant problems excess reactant stoichiometry excited state exothermic expanded octet explained f to c f to c conversion face centered face centered cubic face centered cubic structure factor label method factors factors affecting the rate of reaction fahrenheit fahrenheit to celsius fahrenheit to celsius conversion fahrenheit to celsius formula feet feet to inches final amount final concentration final exam final temperature final temperature chemistry final temperature of ice and water mixture final temperature problems finding mass finding molarity finding volume first ionization energy First law of thermodynamics first law of thermodynamics chemistry First order first order reaction chemistry first order reaction half life first order reaction integrated rate law first order reaction problems first-order reaction for kids force forces Formal Charge formation constant formation constant calculation formation constant kf formula formulas fraction fractions Free Energy freezing point depression freezing point depression equation Frequency frequency and wavelength frequency factor from graph from mass fundamental chemical laws Fusion g/l g/ml to kg/m^3 galvanic cell galvanic cells galvanic cells chemistry galvanic cells explained Gamma decay gamma particles Gamma Ray gamma rays gas gas density gas density and molar mass gas density at stp gas density of mixtures gas density problems gas evolution reactions gas laws gas laws chemistry gas laws chemistry problems gas pressure gas solubility gas stoichiometry gas stoichiometry at stp gas stoichiometry practice problems gas stoichiometry problems gas stoichiometry problems not at stp gases gay lussac's law gay lussac's law problems general chemistry General Chemistry 1 General Chemistry 2 geometry germanium gibbs free energy gibbs free energy chemistry gibbs free energy problems given grams given mass glass u-tube gmat graham's law graham's law of effusion graham's law of effusion and diffusion graham's law of effusion examples graham's law of effusion formula graham's law of effusion molar mass graham's law of effusion practice problems graham's law of effusion problems graham's law of effusion problems and solutions grams grams per liter grams to atoms grams to atoms chemistry grams to atoms conversion grams to atoms dimensional analysis grams to atoms practice problems grams to atoms stoichiometry grams to grams grams to kilojoules grams to kj grams to molecules grams to molecules chemistry grams to molecules conversion grams to molecules practice problems grams to molecules stoichiometry grams to moles grams to moles chemistry grams to moles conversion grams to moles conversions grams to moles stoichiometry graph graphite graphs Gravity GRE greek alphabet ground state ground state electron configuration group 8A solids H. H2CO3 H2O H2S H2SO3 H2SO4 H3O+ half life half life calculations half life chemistry kinetics half life chemistry problems half life problems half reaction half reaction method half-reactions halogens HBr HC2H3O2 hcl heat heat and work heat and work chemistry heat and work in thermodynamics heat capacity heat capacity chemistry heat capacity problems heat energy heat exchange Heat Of Combustion heat of formation heat of formation problems heat of fusion heat of summation heat of vaporization heat summation heat transfer heating curve heating curve and cooling curve heating curve chemistry heating curve explained heating curve of water heating curve problems height height of water height of water barometer heisenberg heisenberg's uncertainty principle heisenberg's uncertainty principle explained heisenberg's uncertanty principle simplified Henderson-Hasselbalch equation henry's law henry's law chemistry henry's law constant henry's law example henry's law explained henry's law problems henry's law solubility hess law hess law chemistry hess law enthalpy change hess law explained hess law of constant heat summation hess law practice problems hess law problems hess's law hess's law explained hess's law practice problems hess's law problems heterogeneous heterogeneous catalyst heterogeneous mixtures heteronuclear diatomic molecules HF hi HNO2 HNO3 holes homo and lumo homo and lumo molecular orbitals homogeneous homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures homogeneous catalyst homogeneous mixtures homonuclear diatomic molecules how many grams how much thermal energy is required to heat ice into steam how to balance equations step by step how to balance nuclear equations how to balance nuclear equations step by step how to balance nuclear equations youtube video how to balance nuclear reactions how to calculate de broglie wavelength how to calculate formal charge how to calculate formal charge from lewis structure how to calculate kc from kp how to calculate kc when given kp how to calculate kp given kc how to calculate kp in chemistry how to calculate molality how to calculate molality from density and molarity how to calculate molality from percent by mass how to calculate molality given mass percent how to calculate molality of a solution how to calculate molar solubility from ksp how to calculate molar solubility from ksp and concentration how to calculate molarity from density how to calculate molarity in chemistry how to calculate molarity of a solution how to calculate normality how to calculate normality and molarity how to calculate normality chemistry how to calculate normality of a solution how to calculate norrmality how to calculate oxidation numbers how to calculate oxidation numbers introduction how to calculate the energy of a photon how to calculate the energy of a photon given wavelength how to calculate the equilibrium concentration how to calculate the equilibrium constant how to calculate the equilibrium partial pressure how to calculate the formal charge how to calculate the formal charge of an atom how to calculate the molar mass how to calculate the normality of a solution how to calculate the number of lone pairs how to calculate the number of sigma and pi bonds how to calculate the number of sigma and pi bonds in a molecule how to calculate the vapor pressure how to calculate the vapor pressure of a solution how to calculate the vapor pressure of a solution with a nonvolatile solute how to draw how to draw galvanic cells how to draw lewis dot structures how to draw lewis structures how to draw resonance structures how to draw the resonance hybrid how to draw voltaic cells how to find n how to find q how to identify the anode and cathode how to identify the catalyst how to identify the intermediate how to identify the intermediate and catalyst how to memorize common polyatomic ions how to memorize the polyatomic ions how to remember the polyatomic ions how to solve basic calorimetry problems in chemistry how to write orbital diagrams how to write orbital notation with arrows how to write the electron configuration how to write the electron configuration of an element how to write the electron configuration of an ion how to write the equilibrium constant expression for a reaction how to write the equilibrium expression hund's rule hund's rule electron configuration hybrid orbitals hybridization hybridization chemistry hybridization of atomic orbitals hybridization organic chemistry hybridization sp sp2 sp3 hydration energy hydrobromic acid hydrochloric acid hydrogen atom hydrogen bonding hydrogen bonding explained hydrogen bonding in water hydrogen bonding intermolecular forces hydrogen bonds hydrogen bonds explained hydrogen bonds in water hydrogen gas hydrogen ion hydroiodic acid hydronium ion hydroxide ion I3- IB ice ice table ice table chemistry ice table equilibrium ice table equilibrium problems ice table quadratic formula ice tables ice tables chemistry ice tables equilibrium ice to steam ideal and non ideal solutions ideal gas law ideal gas law chemistry ideal gas law problems ideal pressure ideal solutions ideal vapor pressure identifying strong and weak electrolytes IF5 inches inches to miles incomplete octet increasing indicators induced dipole induced dipole forces induced dipole interactions inert electrodes initial concentration initial rates initial rates chemistry initial rates method insoluble instantaneous rate of reaction Insulators insulators and conductors integrated rate law integrated rate law first order integrated rate law half life integrated rate law problems integrated rate law second order integrated rate law zero order integration rate law intermediate intermediate and catalyst intermolecular forces internal energy internal energy chemistry internal energy heat and work internal energy problems internal energy thermodynamics internuclear distance interplanar spacing interstitial alloys Introduction introduction to barometers introduction to electroplating introduction to galvanic cells introduction to manometers introduction to moles introduction to moles chemistry introduction to pressure ion dipole ion dipole forces ion dipole interactions ion induced dipole ion induced dipole forces ion induced dipole interaction ion product constant ion product constant for water ionic ionic and covalent bonding ionic and covalent bonds ionic and covalent compounds ionic and molecular compounds ionic bonding ionic bonding introduction ionic bonds ionic compound ionic compounds ionic equation ionic equations ionic radii ionic radii trends ionic radius ionic radius periodic table ionic radius trend ionic radius trends on the periodic table ionic solids Ionization Energy ionization energy and electron affinity ionization energy chemistry ionization energy exceptions ionization energy problems ionization energy trend ions ions cations anions ions chemistry Iron iron thiocyanate equilibrium isoelectric ions isoelectronic isotope abundance isotopes isotopes and atomic mass k to c kā ka and kb ka and kb calculations ka and kb chemistry ka kb ka kb chemistry ka kb kw ka kb kw ph poh Ka1 Ka2 Ka3 Kb kc kc equation kc formula Kelvin kelvin to celsius kelvin to celsius conversion kg kg to g kilograms kilojoules kilojoules to grams kinetic energy kinetic molecular theory kinetic molecular theory of gases kinetic molecular theory of gases chemistry kinetic stability Kinetics kinetics chemistry KJ kj to grams Km km to in kp kp equation kp formula kp kc equation kp kc problems kpa kpa to mm hg ksp ksp and reaction quotient ksp chemistry problems ksp equation ksp expression Kw lattice lattice energy lattice energy chemistry lattice energy of ionic compounds lattice structure law of conservation law of conservation of mass law of definite proportions law of definite proportions chemistry law of definite proportions examples law of definite proportions practice problems law of effusion law of mass action law of mass action chemistry law of multiple proportions law of multiple proportions chemistry law of multiple proportions examples law of multiple proportions practice problems le chatelier's principle le chatelier's principle concentration le chatelier's principle equilibrium le chatelier's principle pressure le chatelier's principle problems le chatelier's principle temperature lead leading zeros left-over length Lewis lewis acid lewis base lewis diagrams lewis dot diagram lewis dot diagrams lewis dot structure lewis dot structures lewis structure Lewis structures ligands ligands chemistry limiting and excess reactant limiting reactant limiting reactant and excess reactant problems limiting reactant chemistry limiting reactant stoichiometry limiting reagent linear Linear Equation liters localized london dispersion forces lone pairs lyman balmer paschen series lyman series m/s to km/h manometer pressure problems manometer problems Manometers manometers how it works mass mass defect Mass Number mass percent mass percent chemistry mass percent composition mass percent of a compound mass percent of a solution mass percent to molality mass percent to molarity mass percent to mole fraction Math Matter maximum number of electrons measurement measuring atmospheric pressure measuring gas pressure measuring gas pressure and atmospheric pressure Mechanism melting point melting point depression memorize mercury mercury barometer mercury barometers Metal metal alloys metallic bonding metallic bonding chemistry metallic character metallic solids metallic solids chemistry metalloids metals meters method of initial rates method of initial rates to determine rate law method of initial rates to determine reaction order methyl orange methyl red metric system mg microstates miles miles to meters milligrams mixed operations mixture Mixture Problems mixture problems algebra mixture problems chemistry mixture problems examples mixture problems math mixture problems shortcuts mixture problems with solutions mixtures ML ml to L mm hg MO diagram mol/L molality molality practice problems molality problems molality to molarity molar absorptivity molar heat capacity molar heat capacity problems molar mass molar mass by freezing point depression molar mass calculations molar mass chemistry molar mass conversions molar mass determination molar mass from osmotic pressure molar mass of a compound molar mass of a gas molar mass of a gas at stp molar mass of a gas equation molar mass of a gas formula molar ratio molar solubility molar solubility and ksp molar solubility common ion effect molar solubility from ksp molar solubility from pH molar solubility ksp molar solubility pH molar solubility problems molar volume molarity molarity and dilution problems molarity and molality molarity calculations molarity practice problems molarity problems molarity stoichiometry molarity to mass percent molarity to molality mole mole fraction mole fraction and partial pressure mole fraction chemistry mole fraction problems mole ratio mole ratio practice problems mole to mole molecular compounds molecular equations molecular formula molecular formula and empirical formula molecular formula calculations molecular formula problems molecular geometry molecular orbital diagram molecular orbital theory molecular orbitals molecular orientation molecular solids molecular structure molecularity molecules molecules and compounds molecules to grams molecules to grams chemistry molecules to grams conversion molecules to grams practice problems molecules to grams stoichiometry moles moles per liter moles to atoms moles to atoms conversion moles to grams moles to grams chemistry moles to grams conversion moles to grams dimensional analysis moles to grams practice problems moles to grams stoichiometry momentum monoatomic ions mph to m/s multiple choice multiple choice practice problems multiple operations multiplication multiply multiplying n l ml ms n type n type and p type semiconductors n type doping n type semiconductor NAF naming naming acids naming binary acids naming binary acids and oxyacids naming binary compounds naming binary covalent compounds naming binary ionic compounds naming binary molecular compounds naming compounds naming coordination compounds naming covalent compounds naming covalent compounds in chemistry naming covalent molecular compounds naming ionic compounds naming ionic compounds with polyatomic ions naming ionic compounds with roman numerals naming ionic compounds with transition metals naming molecular compounds naming molecular compounds in chemistry NaOH nature of the reactants negative deviation Negative Exponents Nernst Equation nernst equation electrochemistry nernst equation examples nernst equation explained nernst equation pH nernst equation problems net ionic equations net ionic equations and spectator ions net ionic equations with acids and bases network atomic solids network covalent solids neutral salts neutral salts examples neutral salts in aqueous solutions neutral salts list neutralization neutralization reactions neutron to proton ratio neutrons NH3 nh4+ NH4Cl nitrogen no NO2- NO3- noble gas notation noble gases nomenclature nomenclature of covalent compounds nomenclature of molecular compounds non ideal solutions non standard conditions nonelectrolytes nonmetal nonmetals nonpolar nonpolar covalent bonding nonpolar covalent bonds nonpolar gas nonpolar molecules nonspontaneous nonspontaneous reaction nonvolatile solution normal boiling point Normality normality chemistry normality problems not at stp nuclear binding energy nuclear binding energy and mass defect nuclear chemical equations nuclear chemistry nuclear equations nuclear fission Nuclear Fusion nuclear transformation nucleons nucleophile number of ions number of lone pairs number of neutrons number of particles number of protons octahedral octet rule odd number of electrons Oh Operations orbital diagram orbital diagrams orbital diagrams and electron configuration orbital filling orbital filling diagram orbital notation Orbitals orbitals and electron configuration orbitals and quantum numbers orbitals chemistry orbitals explained order order of reactant Order of Reaction organic chemistry organic chemistry tutor osmosis osmotic potential osmotic pressure osmotic pressure chemistry osmotic pressure equation osmotic pressure problems overall order of reaction Oxidation oxidation and reduction oxidation and reduction reactions oxidation numbers oxidation numbers polyatomic ions oxidation reactions oxidation reduction reaction oxidation state oxidation states oxidation states chemistry oxidation states of transition metals Oxidizing Agent oxidizing agents oxidizing and reducing agents oxyacids oxygen gas p electrons p type p type and n type semiconductors p type doping p type semiconductor paired electrons parallel spins paramagnetic paramagnetism partial negative charge partial positive charge partial pressure partial pressure and mole fraction partial pressure chemistry partial pressure of gases partial pressure problems paschen series Patreon patreon channel patreon review patreon rewards patreon rewards tutorial patreon tutorial patreon tutorial video patreon video pauli exclusion principle pauli's exclusion principle PCl5 percent percent abundance percent abundance of isotopes percent composition percent composition by mass percent composition formula percent composition of compounds percent composition problems percent dissociation percent dissociation formula percent dissociation of a weak acid percent ionization percent ionization equation percent ionization of a weak acid percent ionization of a weak base percent natural abundance percent yield percent yield theoretical yield actual yield percentage percentages periodic table periodic table of elements Periodic Trends permanent dipole pfund series pH pH and pKa pH and pOH pH and pOH calculations ph and poh chemistry pH calculations pH of a solution pH of acid solutions pH of buffer solution ph of buffer solutions pH of polyprotic acids pH of salt solutions pH of strong acid given molarity pH of strong acid mixtures pH of strong acid solution pH of strong acid solutions pH of strong acids pH of strong acids and bases pH of strong base pH of strong base calculation pH of strong base solution pH of weak acid pH of weak acids and bases pH of weak base ph poh ph poh calculations ph poh h+ oh- ph poh kw ph poh kw h+ and oh- calculations ph poh of strong acids and bases phase phase change phase changes phenolphthalein photoelectric effect photoelectric effect explained photon physical and chemical changes physical and chemical properties physical and chemical properties of matter physical changes physical process physical properties physical vs chemical changes physical vs chemical properties physics pi bonds pKa pKa and pKb pKb POCl3 pOH Polar polar covalent bonding polar covalent bonds polar covalent bonds and electronegativity polar covalent bonds and nonpolar covalent bonds polar gas polar molecules polar or nonpolar polarity polyatomic ions polyatomic ions charges polyatomic ions formulas polyatomic ions memorize polyatomic ions naming polyprotic acid base equilibria polyprotic acid calculations polyprotic acid pH polyprotic acid problems polyprotic acids position positional entropy positional probability positive deviation positron positron emission positron production positrons potential energy practice practice problems precipitation precipitation reactions precipitation reactions and net ionic equations precise precision predicting products predicting products of acid base reactions predicting products of chemical reactions predicting the products predicting the products of a reaction predicting the products of chemical reactions predicting the sign of entropy prefixes pressure pressure and volume pressure conversions pressure units pressure units conversion pressure units in chemistry primary valence probability problems product favored products properties proportionality factor proton acceptor proton donor protons protons neutrons electrons protons neutrons electrons and isotopes protons neutrons electrons explained psi psi to atm psi to torr pure element pure elements pure substances pure substances and mixtures pure substances elements and compounds pv work pv=nrt Q and K Quadratic Formula quantum numbers quantum numbers and atomic orbitals quantum numbers and electron configuration quantum numbers and electron configurations quantum numbers chemistry quantum numbers explained questions quiz radioactive decay radioactive decay half life radioactive decay problems rank raoult's law raoult's law chemistry raoult's law deviation raoult's law positive and negative deviation raoult's law problems raoult's law vapor pressure raoult's law volatile solutes Rate rate constant rate constant chemistry rate constant k rate constant problems rate constant units rate determining step chemistry rate determining step mechanism rate law rate law expression rate laws rate laws and reaction order rate laws chemistry rate of effusion rate of reaction rate of reaction chemistry rate of reaction problems Rate-determining Step rates of reaction reactant favored reactants Reaction reaction mechanism reaction mechanisms and rate laws reaction order reaction order and rate laws reaction order chemistry reaction quotient Reaction Quotient and equilibrium constant reaction quotient q reaction rate concentration reaction rate graphs reaction rate problems reaction rates reaction rates chemistry reaction rates problems reaction shift reactions Redox redox reactions Reducing Agent reducing agents reduction reduction reactions relative percent abundance repulsion resonance resonance hybrid resonance hybrid structures resonance structures resonance structures chemistry resonance structures general chemistry resonance structures practice problems review rewards roman numerals root mean square velocity root mean square velocity chemistry Rounding Rules s electrons s p d f orbitals explained S-2 salt and ice salt and water salt bridge salt solutions sat saturated saturated solution saturated unsaturated supersaturated solutions Scientific Notation scientific notation adding and subtracting scientific notation chemistry Scientific Notation Introduction scientific notation multiplication and division Scientific Notation Negative Exponents scientific notation to standard form second ionization energy second order reaction second order reaction chemistry second order reaction half life second order reaction problems second order reactions second-order secondary valence seesaw selective precipitation selective precipitation problems semiconductors semiconductors explained semiconductors physics semipermeable membrane separation of charge Separation of variables SF4 SF6 sharing of electrons shielding shortcuts si units sig figs sigma and pi bonds sigma and pi bonds explained sigma bonds significant figures significant figures chemistry significant figures explained significant figures physics significant figures rules silicon silver simple cubic simple cubic crystal structure simple cubic structure simple cubic unit cell single displacement reaction single replacement single replacement reaction single replacement reaction tutorial single replacement reactions size sizes of ions Slope Slope-Intercept Form slow step SO2Cl2 SO4 2- SOF2 Solder solid solid phase Solids solubility solubility chemistry solubility curves solubility curves explained solubility curves problems solubility equilibria solubility equilibria problems Solubility Equilibrium solubility equilibrium problems solubility product constant solubility product constant calculations solubility product constant ksp solubility product constant problems solubility rules solubility rules chemistry solubility rules for double displacement solubility rules for ionic compounds solubility rules net ionic equations solubility rules practice solubility rules problems solubility vs concentration Soluble solute solute and solvent chemistry solute solvent and solution solute solvent interactions solution solution composition solution concentration solution stoichiometry solution stoichiometry practice problems solution stoichiometry problems solutions solutions and answers Solvent) sp hybridization sp sp2 sp3 sp sp2 sp3 hybridization sp2 hybridization sp3 hybridization specator ions specific heat specific heat capacity specific heat capacity calculations specific heat capacity chemistry specific heat capacity problems specific heat chemistry specific heat problems spectator ions Spectrophotometry speed speed of light speed of light wavelength frequency spontaneity spontaneous Spontaneous Process spontaneous processes spontaneous reaction square inches square planar square pyramidal square yeeds standard cell potential standard form standard line notation standard reduction potential problems standard reduction potentials STEAM steel step-by-step stepwise formation constant steric factor sterling silver Stoichiometry stoichiometry basic introduction stoichiometry chemistry stoichiometry grams to grams stoichiometry moles to grams stoichiometry moles to moles stoichiometry problems stoichiometry review stoichiometry tutorials stp straight line plot strong acid strong acid strong base titration strong acids strong and weak electrolytes strong base strong bases strong electrolytes strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes strong electrolytes weak electrolytes and nonelectrolytes strong field strongest oxidizing agent strongest reducing agent Structure structure of diamond structure of diamond and graphite study guide subatomic particles sublevels substitional alloys substitutional alloys and interstitial alloys subtracting subtraction supersaturated supersaturated solution surface area surroundings synthesis reaction synthesis reactions System t-shape temperature temperature change temporary dipole temporary dipole induced dipole termolecular reaction Tetrahedral the bohr model the bohr model of hydrogen the bohr model of the atom the bohr model of the hydrogen atom theoretical yield theoretical yield and percent yield theoretical yield problems thermal energy thermochemical calculations thermochemical equations thermochemical equations chemistry thermochemical equations practice problems thermochemical reactions thermochemical stoichiometry Thermochemistry thermochemistry equations thermochemistry equations practice problems thermochemistry practice problems thermochemistry problems thermochemistry review thermochemistry specific heat thermodynamic stability thermodynamics thermodynamics chemistry threshold frequency time time interval tin titration titration acid base titration calculation titration calculations titration chemistry Titration Curve titration curves titration of a strong acid with a strong base titration problems titrations to find concentration to find unknown concentration Torr torr to atm total ionic equation total ionic equations trailing zeros transition metal ions transition metals transmittance trend Trends trigonal bipyramidal trigonal planar trigonal pyramidal tutorial tutorial video tutorials types of chemical reactions types of chemical reactions chemistry u-tube uncertainty understanding solubility rules unimolecular bimolecular termolecular unimolecular reactions Unit unit cell unit cell calculations unit cell chemistry unit cell edge length unit cell problems unit conversion unit conversion review unit conversions unit conversions chemistry units units of k units of measurement units of measurement for kids units of rate constant unknown concentration unknown gas unknown metal unpaired electrons unsaturated unsaturated solution using solubility rules valence valence bond theory valence electrons valence electrons and the periodic table valence electrons explained van der waals forces van der waals interactions van't hoff factor vapor pressure vapor pressure and boiling point vapor pressure calculations vapor pressure chemistry vapor pressure lowering vapor pressure of a solution vapor pressure of solutions vapor pressure problems Vaporization video volatile components volatile solute voltage voltaic cell voltaic cells volume volume at stp volume of a rectangular prism volume of a sphere volume percent volume percent chemistry volume percent concentration volume percent solution volume percent to mole fraction VSEPR VSEPR Theory vsepr theory and molecular geometry vsepr theory practice problems water water barometer water barometer height water displacement density water displacement method water potential wavelength wavelength and frequency weak acid weak acid strong base titration weak acids weak acids and bases Weak Base weak base strong acid titration weak bases weak electrolytes weak electrolytes strong electrolytes and nonelectrolytes weak electrolytes vs strong electrolytes weak field weight weighted average atomic mass werner's theory werner's theory of coordination compounds what are isotopes what are isotopes chemistry what is a coordinate covalent bond what is an ion what is an ion in chemistry which element is more electronegative with acids and bases Word Problems work work done by the system work done on the system work function and threshold frequency work function chemistry work function of metals work function photoelectric effect work function problems writing writing chemical formulas writing chemical formulas for covalent compounds writing chemical formulas for ionic compounds writing chemical formulas for molecular compounds writing chemical formulas for polyatomic ions writing chemical formulas for transition metals writing formulas writing formulas for covalent compounds writing formulas for ionic compounds writing formulas for ionic compounds with transition metals writing formulas for molecular compounds writing formulas of ionic compounds writing net ionic equations writing rate law expressions writing rate law from mechanism writing rate laws writing rate laws for reaction mechanisms x-ray diffraction XeF4 XeOF2 Y Intercept zero order zero order reaction zero order reaction chemistry zero order reaction chemistry problems Zeros zinc