Organic Chemistry Playlist Online Video Tutorial Course

Basic studies, Trigonometry

Organic Chemistry Playlist Online Video Tutorial Course

548 Lessons
    -OCH3 (Ch3)2s (R)-2-bromobutane (R)-2-chlorobutane (R)-2bromobutane 1 2 addition 1 3 butadiene 1 3-cyclohexadiene 1 4 addition 1 5 dicarbonal compounds 1 5 dicarbonyl compound 1 5 dicarbonyl product 15-crown-5 2 different products 2-bromobutane 2-chlorocyclohexane 2-cyclohexenone 2-methylbutane 2-pentanol 200-400nm 4 different products 4+2 cycloaddition 4n+2 absolute configuration absorbance absorption acceptor acetaldehyde acetate ion acetic acid acetic acid pka acetoacetic acetoacetic ester acetoacetic ester synthesis acetoacetic ester synthesis mechanism acetone acetylene acetylene pka achiral achiral center achiral molecules achiral vs chiral molecules acid acid anhydride acid base reactions acid bromide acid catalysis acid catalyzed acid catalyzed acetoacetic ester synthesis acid catalyzed cleavage of epoxides acid catalyzed cleavage of ethers acid catalyzed dehydration acid catalyzed hydration acid catalyzed mechanism acid catalyzed michael addition reaction mechanism acid chloride acid chloride reactions acid chlorides acid hydrolysis Acid strength acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis acidic acidic conditions acidic mechanism Acidity acidity of alcohols acidity of alkynes acidity of carboxylic acids acidity of phenols acids and bases activated complex activating activating and deactivating groups Activation Energy acyl chloride acyl chlorides Acylation adam's catalyst addition addition of halogens to alkene addition of hydrogen halide addition product Ag Ag2O AlCl3 alcohol alcohol + h2so4 alcohol + h2so4 mechanism alcohol + sulfuric acid alcohol dehydration alcohol dehydration mechanism alcohol dehydration reaction alcohol oxidation alcohol oxidation mechanism alcohol oxidation reaction alcohol reactions alcohol to ether alcohols Aldehyde aldehyde nomenclature aldehyde to alkene aldehydes aldehydes and ketones aldehydes and ketones exam review aldehydes and ketones naming aldehydes and ketones nomenclature aldehydes and ketones nucleophilic addition aldehydes and ketones organic chemistry aldehydes and ketones properties aldol aldol addition reaction aldol condensation aldol condensation mechanism aldol condensation reaction aldol mechanism aldol reaction aldol reaction examples aldol reaction mechanism aldol reaction problems aldol retro synthesis aldol retrosynthesis alkaline hydrolysis of esters alkane alkanes alkene alkene + b2d6 alkene + b2h6 alkene + bh3 + thf alkene + br2 + ch2cl2 alkene + br2 + ch3oh alkene + br2 + h2o alkene + CHCl3 + koh alkene + cl2 alkene + cl2 + h2o alkene + hbr alkene + hcl alkene + hg(oac)2 alkene + kmno4 + h3O+ alkene + kmno4 oh- alkene + mcpba alkene + NBS alkene + o3 alkene + o3 + (Ch3)2S alkene + oso4 alkene + ozone alkene + rco3h alkene addition reactions alkene epoxidation alkene oxidation alkene ozonolysis alkene reaction mechanism alkene reactions alkene reactions practice problem alkene stability alkene to alcohol alkene to aldehyde alkene to alkane alkene to alkyl halide alkene to cis diol alkene to cyclopropane alkene to ether alkene to ketone alkene to trans diol alkenes alkoxymercuration alkoxymercuration demercuration alkoxymercuration reduction alkyl alkyl bromide alkyl fluoride elimination alkyl halide alkyl halides alkyl tosylate Alkylation alkyne alkyne addition reactions alkyne hydration alkyne hydrogenation alkyne oxymercuration alkyne reaction mechanism alkyne reactions alkyne reagents alkyne reduction alkyne synthesis reactions alkynes allyl bromide allylic allylic bromides allylic bromination allylic halogenation alochols alpha beta unsaturated aldehyde alpha beta unsaturated ketone alpha beta unsaturated ketones alpha halogenation alpha hydrogen alpha substitution amide amide formation amide hydrolysis amide hydrolysis mechanism amide reactions Amides amine amine oxide amine reactions amine reactions organic chemistry amine reactions practice problems amine reactions summary amine synthesis amine synthesis practice problems amine synthesis reactions amines amines organic chemistry ammonia ammonium ion anhydride anhydrides aniline anisole annulation anthracene anti anti addition anti and gauche conformations anti coplanar anti diol anti-elimination anti-Markovnikov antiaromatic antiaromaticity aprotic solvent aprotic solvents Arene Substitution Pattern arenediazonium salt arenediazonium salts aromatic aromatic antiaromatic nonaromatic aromatic heterocycles aromatic ring aromatic sulfonation aromaticity asymmetric carbon asymmetric carbon atoms atomic orbitals Axial axial and equatorial b2d6 b2h6 backside attack backwards baeyer villiger oxidation Baeyer-Villiger base base catalyzed base catalyzed cleavage of epoxides base hydrolysis of esters base strength Basic basic conditions basicity basicity and nucleophilicity basicity of amines bd3 benzaldehyde Benzene benzene rings benzoic acid benzyl halide benzylic benzyne benzyne intermediate benzyne mechanism beta elimination reactions beta hydroxy ketone beta keto ester betaine BF3 bh3 bicyclic alkanes bicyclo alkanes bimolecular elimination reaction bond angles bond-line structures boric acid Br2 br3 branches branching broad vs sharp bromide bromination bromine bulky base butadiene butane butyl chloride butyl ethyl ether c=o stretch C2H2 C2H4 C2H6 C2H6O C4H10 C5H12 C6H14 C7H16 C8H18 cahn ingold process calculating degree of unsaturation calculations carbamic acid carbanion carbanion intermediate carbocation carbocation intermediate carbocation rearrangement carbocation rearrangements carbocation stability carbon atoms carbonyl group carbonyl reactions carboxylate carboxylation carboxylic acid carboxylic acid derivative mechanisms carboxylic acid derivative reactions carboxylic acid derivatives carboxylic acid nomenclature carboxylic acid reactions carboxylic acids Catalyst catalysts Catalytic catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes CF3CO3H CF3COOOH CH3-Br CH3CH2OH CH3COOH CH3I CH3OH CH3OH pka CH4 chair conformation chair conformation of cyclohexane chair conformation organic chemistry chair conformation stability Channel chart chemical shifts chemistry chiral chiral and achiral molecules chiral carbon centers chiral carbons chiral centers chiral molecules chiral vs achiral Chirality chirality centers chloride chlorination chlorochromate chlorocyclopentane chromic acid chromic acid test chromium trioxide cis cis alkene cis and trans cis and trans chair conformations cis trans isomers cis-trans Cl2 claisen Claisen condensation claisen condensation mechanism claisen condensation reaction claisen mechanism claisen reaction clemmensen Clemmensen reduction ClO- ClO2- ClO3- ClO4- Co CO2 CO3 2- common names compound compounds concentration concerted concerted reaction mechanism condensation condensed structural formula conditions Configuration conformation conjugate addition conjugate base conjugated conjugated alkenes conjugation constitutional isomers constitutional isomers of alkanes cope cope elimination Coupling covalent bonds CrO3 cross aldol reaction crown ether crown ethers CuCN cuprous curtius curtius rearrangement cyanohydrin formation cyclic claisen condensation cyclic ethers cyclic ketones cycloalkanes cycloalkenes cyclobutadiene cyclobutane cycloheptane cycloheptatrienyl cyclohexane cyclohexane carboxylic acid cyclohexanoic acid cyclohexanol cyclohexanone cyclohexatrienyl cyclohexene cyclohexenone cyclooctane cyclooctatetraene cyclopentadiene cyclopentadienyl cyclopentane cyclopentane carboxylic acid cyclopentanoic acid cyclopentylmagnesium bromide cyclopropane d2 D2O deactivating decarboxylation degree of unsaturation dehalogenation dehydration dehydration of alcohols dehydrohalogenation dehydrohalogenation mechanism dehydrohalogenation of alkyl halides delocalized electrons demercuration deuterium dextrorotatory diagnostic region diastereomers diazo coupling diazotization diazotization reaction DIBAL Dibal mechanism dibal reaction Dibal reduction dieckmann dieckmann condensation dieckmann condensation examples dieckmann condensation mechanism dieckmann condensation problems dieckmann reaction Diels-Alder reaction diene dienes dienophile diesters dihedral angle dimethyl ether dimethyl sulfide diol dione dipole dipole dipole dipole dipole forces dipole dipole interactions direct addition direct alkylation DMF DMSO donors double bond double inversion drawing bond line structures drawing condensed structures drawing constitutional isomers drawing line structures drawing skeletal structures drawing structural formulas drawing structures E and Z E Z isomers E1 e1 and e2 reactions E1 dehydration E1 elimination E1 mechanism E1 reaction E1 reaction mechanism E1 reactions e1 vs e2 e1cb e1cb elimination e1cb reaction E2 E2 elimination e2 mechanism E2 reaction E2 reaction mechanism E2 Reactions E2 stereochemistry Eclipse eclipsed electron donating and electron withdrawing groups electron donating group electron donating groups electron withdrawal electron withdrawing electron withdrawing group electron withdrawing groups electrophilic addition reaction electrophilic addition reactions Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions electrophilic radical substitution elimination elimination reaction elimination reactions elimination reactions alcohol dehydration elimination reactions of alcohols elimination reactions of alkenes elimination reactions of alkyl halides enamine enamine formation enamine mechanism enamine reaction enantiomeric excess enantiomers enantiomers and meso compounds endothermic endothermic and exothermic reactions endothermic and exothermic reactions examples endothermic and exothermic reactions explained endothermic and exothermic reactions graphs endothermic process endothermic reaction endothermic reactions energy diagrams enol enol keto tautomerization enolate enolate alkylation enolate chemistry enolate formation enolate ion enolate reactions enthalpy epoxidation epoxidation and hydroxylation epoxidation of alkenes epoxidation of alkenes mechanism epoxidation reaction epoxide epoxides equation equatorial ester ester formation ester hydrolysis ester hydrolysis mechanism ester reactions ester to carboxylic acid esterification esters esters nomenclature esters organic chemistry Ethane ethanol ethanol pka ethene ethers ethers and epoxides ethers nomenclature ethoxide ion ethyl acetate ethylene ethylene oxide ethylmagnesium bromide ethyne EtOH exam review examples exhaustive methylation exothermic exothermic process exothermic reaction exothermic reactions explained FE FeBr3 final exam final exam review final review fingerprint region First order Fischer Fischer esterification fischer esterification mechanism fischer esterification reaction Fischer projection fischer projections fischer projections nomenclature Formal Charge Formaldehyde formation formula forward activation energy free radical bromination free radical halogenation free radical reactions free radical substitution free radicals Friedel-Crafts acylation Friedel-Crafts alkylation full mechanism functional groups furan gabriel amine synthesis gabriel reaction gabriel synthesis gabriel synthesis mechanism gamma hydrogen gatterman koch reaction gauche gauche conformation gem diol geminal dihalides geometric isomers gilman gilman reagent gilman reagent coupling gilman reagent example gilman reagent reactions gilman reagent vs grignard reagent gilman reagents mechanism gilman vs grignard glucose grignard grignard reaction Grignard reagent grignard reagent reaction grignard reagent synthesis groups H NMR h nmr analysis h nmr integration h nmr practice h nmr practice problems h nmr review h nmr signals h nmr spectroscopy h nmr spectrum h nmr splitting H2 h2 pt h2cro4 H2N-NH2 H2O h2o2 H2S H2SO4 H3O+ halides haloalkanes haloform haloform reaction haloform reaction mechanism halogenation halogenation of alkenes halogens halohydrin halohydrin formation halohydrin mechanism HBr hbr h2o2 hcl heat Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky Halogenation heptane heterocycles heterogeneous catalysts hexane HF Hg(OAc)2 hgso4 hgso4 h2o h2so4 high temperature HMPA HNO2 HNO3 hoac hoffman hoffman elimination hoffman product hoffman rule hofmann hofmann elimination hofmann product hofmann rearrangement hofmann vs zaitsev's rule homolytic and heterolytic cleavage HONO how to assign r and s how to name aromatic compounds how to name benzene rings how to name organic compounds huckel's number Hückel's rule hvz HVZ reaction hybrid orbitals hybridization hybridization chemistry hybridization of atomic orbitals hybridization organic chemistry hybridization sp sp2 sp3 hydrate Hydration hydration of aldehydes and ketones hydrazine hydride shift hydroboration hydroboration oxidation of alkenes hydroboration oxidation stereochemistry hydroboration-oxidation mechanism Hydroboration–oxidation Reaction hydroboration/oxidation hydrogen atoms hydrogen bond hydrogen bonding hydrogen bonding dipole dipole and dispersion hydrogen bonding intermolecular forces hydrogen deficiency hydrogen halides hydrogen peroxide Hydrogenation hydrogenation of alkenes hydrogenation of alkenes mechanism hydrohalogenation hydrolysis hydrolysis and decarboxylation hydrolysis of amides hydrolysis of esters hydroxide hydroxylation hydroxylation of alkenes hyperconjugation I3- IF5 IHD imidazole imide imine imine and enamine imine formation imine formation mechanism imine hydrolysis imine mechanism imine reaction imine synthesis imine to ketone imine vs enamine formation iminium index of hydrogen deficiency inductive effect infrared spectroscopy infrared spectroscopy review initiation propagation termination intensity intermediate intermolecular forces intermolecular forces and boiling point intermolecular forces vs intramolecular forces internal alkynes intimate ion pair intramolecular intramolecular aldol condensation intramolecular aldol condensation mechanism intramolecular aldol condensation reaction intramolecular aldol reaction intramolecular claisen condensation intramolecular reaction Introduction Inversion inversion of configuration inversion of stereochemistry iodination iodine iodoform iodoform reaction iodoform reaction mechanism iodoform test iodoform test for methyl ketones iodoform test mechanism iodoform test reaction ion ion dipole ion dipole attraction ion dipole bonding ion dipole forces ion dipole interactions ion induced dipole forces ir active ir frequency ir inactive IR spectroscopy ir spectroscopy functional groups ir spectroscopy practice ir spectroscopy review IR spectrum isocyanate isomerization of alkynes isomers isopropanol acidity IUPAC iupac naming carboxylic acids Jones jones reaction Jones reagent Jones reagent mechanism K2Cr2O7 keto keto-enol tautomerism keto-enol tautomerization Ketone ketone to alkene ketones ketones chemistry ketones explained ketones nomenclature ketones organic chemistry KF KI acetone kinetic product KMnO4 kmno4 h3o+ knoevenagel Knoevenagel Condensation knoevenagel condensation mechanism KOH lactone formation lactones LDA leaving group stability leaving group strength levorotatory lewis dot diagram lewis dot structure lewis structure Lewis structures Li li nh3 LiAlH4 LiAlH4 carboxylic acid LiAlH4 mechanism LiAlH4 reduction mechanism Limitations Lindlar catalyst lindlar's catalyst line structures lithium dialkyl cuprate localized electrons london dispersion forces lone pairs low temperature lucas lucas reaction lucas reagent lucas test made easy major product major resonance contributor maleic anhydride malonic acid malonic ester malonic ester mechanism malonic ester reaction malonic ester synthesis malonic ester synthesis mechanism malonic ester synthesis reaction malonitrile markovnikov and anti markovnikov mCPBA me2s mecanism Mechanism meisenheimer complex Meso meso compounds meta directors meta product metal ammonia reduction Methanol methyl bromide methyl iodide methyl ketones methyl shift methylmagnesium bromide michael acceptor michael acceptor and donor michael acceptors Michael addition michael addition examples michael addition reaction michael addition reactions michael additon mechanism michael donor michael donors michael reaction michael reaction examples michael reaction mechanism michael reaction problems michael reaction retrosynthesis midterm exam midterm review mild minor product minor resonance contributor mirror images mixed aldol reaction molecular geometry molecular orbital theory molecular vibrations molecules monobrominated monochlorination mozingo mozingo reduction multiple choice n + 1 rule N-bromosuccinimide N2H4 Nǎ Na and NH3 na nh3 Na2Cr2O7 NaBH3CN NaBH4 NABH4 reduction mechanism NaCl NaCN NaI naming naming aldehydes naming benzene derivatives naming carboxylic acids naming cycloalkanes naming cycloalkanes with substitutents naming esters naming esters examples naming esters iupac naming esters organic chemistry naming esters with benzene ring naming esters with branches naming esters with substituents naming ethers naming ethers examples naming ethers iupac naming ethers organic chemistry naming ethers practice naming ethers practice problem naming ethers with branches naming ketones NaN3 nanh2 NaNO2 NaOCH2CH3 NaOEt NaOH NaOH H2O naphthalene NaSCH2CH3 NaSCH3 Nash NBS Newman Projection newman projection of butane newman projection of pentane newman projection practice newman projection stability Newman projections newman projections organic chemistry newman projections to line drawing NH3 Ni Catalyst nitration nitrile nitrile to carboxylic acid nitrile to imine nitrile to ketone nitriles nitro nitrobenzene nitronium nitrosoamine nitrosoamines nitrosonium no NO2- NO3- nomenclature nonaromatic nonpolar nucleophile nucleophilic acyl substitution nucleophilic acyl substitution mechanism nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction nucleophilic addiion reaction mechanism nucleophilic addition nucleophilic addition mechanism nucleophilic addition reaction nucleophilic addition reactions Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution nucleophilic aromatic substitution mechanism nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction Nucleophilic substitution nucleophilic substitution reaction nucleophilic substitution reactions nucleophilic substitution sn1 and sn2 nucleophilicity nucleophilicity strength nucleophilicity trend number of signals number of stereoisomers o3 o3 h2o observed rotation octane octet rule Oh oh stretch optical properties optical purity optically active Orbitals organic chem 1 final exam review organic chemistry organic chemistry 1 organic chemistry 1 final exam organic chemistry 1 final exam multiple choice organic chemistry 1 final exam review organic chemistry 1 final exam study guide organic chemistry 1 final review organic chemistry 1 final study guide Organic chemistry 2 organic chemistry 2 final exam review organic chemistry acid base reactions organic chemistry acid strength organic chemistry acidity organic chemistry acidity and basicity organic chemistry acids and bases organic chemistry acids and bases strength organic chemistry alcohol nomenclature organic chemistry alcohol reactions organic chemistry alcohols organic chemistry alcohols ethers and epoxides organic chemistry alcohols phenols and ethers organic chemistry alkene reactions organic chemistry condensed structure organic chemistry conjugate acids and bases organic chemistry drawing resonance structures organic chemistry drawing structures organic chemistry drawing structures practice organic chemistry elimination reactions organic chemistry final exam organic chemistry final exam review organic chemistry final exam study guide organic chemistry final review organic chemistry functional groups organic chemistry functional groups naming organic chemistry functional groups nomenclature organic chemistry functional groups review organic chemistry lewis acids and bases organic chemistry line structures organic chemistry midterm exam review organic chemistry naming organic chemistry naming alcohols organic chemistry naming alkanes organic chemistry naming compounds organic chemistry naming functional groups organic chemistry nomenclature organic chemistry nomenclature alkanes organic chemistry nomenclature functional groups organic chemistry nomenclature iupac organic chemistry nomenclature practice organic chemistry nomenclature review organic chemistry oxidation of alcohols organic chemistry pka organic chemistry preparation of alcohols organic chemistry reaction mechanisms organic chemistry reactions organic chemistry reagents list organic chemistry resonace structures organic chemistry resonance practice organic chemistry resonance rules organic chemistry semester 1 review organic chemistry semester 2 review organic chemistry skeletal structures organic chemistry study guide organic chemistry tutor organo copper lithium organocopper organocopper reactions organometallic organometallic chemistry organometallic compounds organometallic coupling reactions ortho ortho directors ortho meta para ortho meta para directors ortho meta para xylene ortho para meta directors Overview oxaphosphetane Oxidation oxidation of alcohols oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones oxidation of primary alcohols oxidation of secondary alchols oxidation of secondary alcohols oxidative cleavage oxidative cleavage of alkenes oxymercuration oxymercuration demercuration oxymercuration demercuration mechanism oxymercuration demercuration of alkenes ozone ozonolysis ozonolysis of alkenes para para directors Patreon patreon channel patreon review patreon rewards patreon rewards tutorial patreon tutorial patreon tutorial video patreon video PBr3 PBr3 Mechanism pcc pcc mechanism pcc reaction PCl3 PCl5 Pd baso4 Pd/C pe diagrams pentane pericyclic peroxides peroxy acid phase transfer catalysts phenol phenols phenyl propyl ether phenylmagneisum bromide phosphonium ylide phosphorus tribromide phosphorus trihalides phthalic acid phthalimide hydrazide pi bonds pi complex piperidine pKa pka acidity pka of carbonyl compounds plane polarized light POCl3 Polar polar aprotic solvent polar aprotic solvents polar or nonpolar polar protic solvent polar protic solvents polarimeter polyalkylation polyatomic ions polyenes) positive charge potential energy potential energy diagram catalyst potential energy diagram chemistry potential energy diagram endothermic potential energy diagram exothermic potential energy diagrams practice practice problems practice test predict the major product primary primary alcohol primary alcohols primary amide primary amine primary amines primary secondary tertiary alcohols primary secondary tertiary alkyl halides primary secondary tertiary amines primary secondary tertiary carbons primary secondary tertiary hydrogens primary substrate problems product propanal propose a mechanism protecting groups protic solvent protic solvents Pt/C purine pyridine pyridinium pyrimidine pyrrole quarternary r and s R and S configuration r and s fischer projections r and s newman projections R and S nomenclature r and s stereochemistry R group r s r s configuration r s nomenclature r s stereochemistry r s system r s system of nomenclature R2CuLi racemic mixture radical radical halogenation radical intermediate radical stability raney Ni raney nickel rate law Rate-determining Step RCN RCO3H RCOOH reactant Reaction reaction mechanism reactions reactions of alkenes reactions of alkynes reactions of amines practice problems reactivity reactivity of aldehydes and ketones reagent rearrangement rearrangement mechanism rearrangement reaction rearrangements reduction reductive amination reductive amination mechanism reductive amination reaction regiochemistry resonance resonance contributor resonance effect resonance effect and inductive effect resonance effect vs inductive effect resonance hybrid resonance stabilization of the conjugate base resonance stabilized resonance structure resonance structures resonance structures and formal charge resonance structures examples resonance structures organic chemistry resonance structures practice retention retro retro aldol reaction retro-aldol retrosynthesis reverse activation energy review rewards Ring ring closing ring closing example ring contraction ring expansion Rings Robinson Annulation robinson annulation mechanism robinson annulation practice robinson annulation practice problems robinson annulation problems robinson annulation reaction robinson annulation retrosynthesis Rules s character s-cis s-trans sandmeyer Sandmeyer reaction saturated saytzeff second-order secondary secondary alcohol secondary alcohols secondary amine selective reduction Selectivity Semester semester exam semester exam review SF4 SF6 sia2bh sigma and pi bonds sigma bonds signal characteristics silver silver mirror test skeletal structures slow step SN 1 sn 2 SN1 sn1 and sn2 reactions sn1 examples sn1 mechanism sn1 problems SN1 reaction SN1 reaction mechanism sn1 reactions sn1 sn2 e1 e2 sn1 sn2 e1 e2 made easy sn1 stereochemistry sn1 vs sn2 SN2 sn2 energy diagram SN2 mechanism sn2 rate law SN2 reaction sn2 reaction examples sn2 reaction mechanism sn2 reaction practice problems sn2 reactions sn2 sn1 e1 e2 sn2 sn1 e1 e2 exam review sn2 sn1 e1 e2 mechanisms sn2 sn1 e1 e2 multiple choice practice test sn2 sn1 e1 e2 practice problems sn2 sn1 e2 e1 sn2 sn1 e2 e1 reactions sn2 vs sn1 sn2 vs sn1 chart sn2 vs sn1 examples sn2 vs sn1 mechanism sn2 vs sn1 practice SnAr SNi SO2Cl2 SO4 2- SOCl2 SOCl2 mechanism sodium azide sodium borohydride sodium cyanoborohydride sodium ethoxide SOF2 Solvent) solvolysis solvolysis mechanism solvolysis reaction sp hybrid orbitals sp hybridization sp sp2 sp3 sp sp2 sp3 hybridization sp2 hybridization sp3 hybridization specific rotation spectroscopy spin-spin splitting splitting stability stability of alkene staggered staggered and eclipsed confomations Stereocenter stereocenters stereochemistry stereochemistry of organic compounds stereochemistry practice problems stereoisomers stereoisomers and chirality steric effects steric factors steric hindrance sterically hindered Stork stork enamine alkylation stork enamine mechanism stork enamine reaction stork reaction Strength strong bulky base strong deactivating groups strong unhindered base strongest nucleophile study guide substituents substituted carboxylic acid substituted carboxylic acids substituted ketone derivatives substituted ketones substitution reaction substrate substrate reactivity sulfonation sulfonation of aniline sulfonation of naphthalene sulfonation of nitrobenzene sulfonation of phenol sulfonation of toluene sulfuric acid syn addition syn and anti addition syn coplanar syn diol syn elimination syn hydroxylation synthesis synthesis of aldehydes and ketones t-buoh t-buOK tautomer tautomerism tautomerization terminal alkynes tert-butoxide tert-butyl propyl ether tertiary tertiary alcohol tertiary alcohols tertiary amine tertiary substrate test tetrahydrofuran thermodynamic product thf thiazole thioketal thioketal reduction thiols thionyl chloride thiophene Tollen's test tollens tollens reagent mechanism tollens' reagent toluene tosylate ester Tosylation tosylation of alcohols Trans trans alkene transition state transmittance Trends trifluoroperoxyacetic acid triphenylphosphine triphenylphosphine oxide triple bond tropylium ion TsCl tutorial tutorial video ultraviolet radiation. unsaturated unsaturated ketone upfield upfield vs downfield UV UV radiation UV spectroscopy uv spectroscopy analysis uv spectroscopy organic chemistry uv-vis spectroscopy valence bond theory valence electrons van deer waals forces vicinal dibromides vicinal dihalides video vinyl cation vinyl halide vis VSEPR water wavelength wavenumber weak medium strong Williamson ether synthesis williamson ether synthesis reaction mechanism Wittig reaction wittig reaction mechanism wolff kishner wolff kishner mechanism wolff kishner reaction wolff kishner reaction mechanism wolff kishner reduction mechanism Wolff-Kishner reduction XeF4 XeOF2 xylene ylide YouTube zaitsev zaitsev product zaitsev's rule zn zn h2o zn hoac Zn(Hg) ZnCl2