N3 Level

「Learn Japanese」 How-to use て-Form-VERB + (いく/くる) to express an action oriented towards a direction

How-to use て-Form-VERB + (いく/くる) to express an action oriented towards a direction

http://learnjapanese.becauseofdreams.com/2018/02/02/how-to-use-%E3%81%A6-form-verb-%E3%81%84%E3%81%8F-%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8B-to-express-an-action-oriented-towards-a-direction/

The て-Form of VERB words can be used in conjunction with motion VERB words (e.g. 行く, 来る-most commonly seen in their kana form いく, くる when used in this way) to express that the action (the VERB word conjugated into the て-Form used) is oriented towards a certain direction. These do not have to be literal directions such as physical locations, as they can also represent abstract directions such as the future.

*This is one of the more uniquely Japanese grammar patterns; as a result, at times English translations can convey the nuance of direction quite well and at other times not at all.

*Sometimes it can be helpful to interpret this grammar pattern as a sequential relationship.

Example(s):

飲み物を持っていく
Nomimono o motte iku
“To bring drinks [somewhere]” (lit. “To carry drinks and go [somewhere]”)

ジョージを連れてくる
Geroge o tsurete kuru
“To bring George [to here]” (lit. “To take George and come”)

買ってくる
Katte kuru
“To buy [something] and come [with it]” (lit. “To buy and come”)

行って来ます
Itte kimasu
“I’ll be back” (lit. “To go somewhere and come [back]”)
*An everyday phrase said aloud when one is leaving the house

*But this interpretation definitely does not apply to all instances, because examples of this grammar pattern can vary extremely, as seen by the following sentence examples.

Example(s):

日本語が少しずつ分かってきます。
Nihongo ga sukoshi zutsu wakatte kimasu.
“I am coming to understand Japanese little by little.”

涙が出てこないくらい泣いていた。
Namida ga dete konai kurai naite ita.
“I cried to the point where tears were no longer coming out.”

デート中に質問をしてこない男が多すぎる。
Date chuu ni shitsumon o shite konai otoko ga oosugiru.
“I’m tired of going on dates with guys who never ask any questions about me.”

雨が降ってきたので、皆が家に帰っていった。
Ame ga futte kita node, mina ga uchi ni kaette itta.
“The rain came pouring down on us, so everyone went home.”

その生活をずっと続けていくことはできない。
Sono seikatsu o zutto tsudukete iku koto wa dekinai.
“You can’t go on living that lifestyle forever.”

何世紀にもわたって続いてきた伝統文化がある。
Nanseiki ni mo watatte tsuduite kita dentoubunka ga aru.
“There exist traditional cultures that have persisted centuries and centuries until now.”

犬が学校の方へ走っていった。
Inu ga gakkou no hou e hashitte itta.
“The dog went running in the direction of the school.”

これからも頑張っていきます。
Kore kara mo ganbatte ikimasu.
“I’ll keep doing my best from here on out.”

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